Kousiganadhi

1.Introduction

1.1 About the centre

Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai is the implementing centre for the Kousiganadhi sub basin. A total of seven varieties have been released from this station in dryland crops like Sorghum, Black gram, Red gram, Varagu, Custard apple and two in Mushroom (One each in milky and oyster)

About the sub basin

District - Virudhunagar Block - Aruppukottai

Sl. No. Name of the basin Name of the sub basin Name of the Channel Registered ayacut in (ha) Fully irrigated (ha) Partially irrigated (ha) Total(ha)
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Right and Left Main Canal of Kullursandai reservoir 434.280 304.12 130.16 434.280

Village wise ayacut - Kullursandai dam

Sl. No. Taluk Village Ayacut details in hectars
L.M.C R.M.C Total
Aruppukottai Kullursandai 35.79 -- 35.79
Aruppukottai Sulakkarai 3.21 365.05 368.26
Aruppukottai Kallumarpatti -- 29.49 29.49

District - Virudhunagar Block -Virudhunagar

Sl. No. Name of the basin Name of the sub basin Name of the Channel Registered ayacut in (ha) Fully irrigated (ha) Partially irrigated (ha) Total(ha)
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Right and Left Main Canal ofKullursandai reservoir 735.720 511.21 224.51 735.720

Village wise ayacut - Kullursandai dam

Sl. No. Taluk Village Ayacut details in hectars
L.M.C R.M.C Total
Virudhunagar Mettukundu 232.86 31.31 264.17
Virudhunagar Chennalkudi 318.26 36.88 355.14
Virudhunagar Maruluthu -- 47.84 47.84
Virudhunagar Chettiyapatti -- 68.55 68.55

District - Madurai Block - T. Kallupatti

Sl. No. Name of the basin Name of the sub basin Name of the tank Registered ayacut in (ha) Fully irrigated (ha) Partially irrigated (ha) Total(ha)
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Thevankuruchi 108.05 70.23 37.82 108.05
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Kadaneri 41.46 26.95 14.51 41.46
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Nakkaneri 40.00 26.00 14.00 40.00
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Vaiyur Karisalkulam 48.58 31.58 17.00 48.58
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Kunnathur Karisalkulam 53.80 34.97 18.83 53.80

District - Madurai Block - Kallikudi

Sl. No. Name of the basin Name of the sub basin Name of the tank Registered ayacut in(ha) Fully irrigated (ha) Partially irrigated (ha) Total(ha)
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Villur Periyakulam 69.20 44.98 24.22 69.20
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Villur Ovari 87.01 56.55 30.46 87.01
Vaippar Kousiganadhi T.Periyasevalkulam 54.65 35.52 19.13 54.65
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Alangulam 63.67 41.48 22.29 63.67
Vaippar Kousiganadhi Chittur 67.58 43.92 23.66 67.58

Clusters details

Sl.No. ClusterNo. Name of the District Name of the Tank / canal AyacutArea (ha)
I Madurai Thevankurichi Tank 108.05
I Madurai Kadaneri Tank 41.46
I Madurai Nakkaneri 40.00
I Madurai VaiyurKarisalkulam Tank 48.58
I Madurai KunnathurKarisalkulam Tank 53.80
Total 291.89
II Madurai VillurPeriyakulam Tank 69.20
II Madurai VillurOvari Tank 87.01
II Madurai T.Periyasevalkulam Tank 54.65
II Madurai Allangulam Tank 63.67
II Madurai Chittur Tank 67.58
Total 342.11
III Virudhunagar Kullursandai Dam LMC 590.85
IV Virudhunagar Kullursandai Dam RMC 579.15

Virudhunagar District Ayacut area

Madurai District Ayacut area

2. Description of the Vaippar Basin

The River Vaippar originates at an altitude of 1644m in Vasudevanallur reserve forest on the eastern slopes of Western Ghats in Tirunelveli District and runs eastward for a distance of 112 km and finally debouches into Gulf of Mannar near Vembar village, 18 km from Vilathikulam town of Thoothukudi district. The Vaippar river basin is located between latitude 8º59’N to 9º49’ N and longitude 77º15’E to 78º23’E, having an area of 5423 Sqkm and is surrounded by Thamirabarani basin on the South, Western ghats and Vaigai basin on the West, Gundar basin on the North and Bay of Bengal on the East This basin has been divided into 13 sub- basins namely as follows;

3. Description of Kousiganadhi Sub Basin:

Kousiganadhi is one of the tributaries of the river Vaippar. It receives drainage from its own catchment. It originates at an altitude of about 200 m above MSL. in Peraiyur area (Vannivelampatti village) in Madurai District. Kousiganadhi passes through just south of Virudhunagar town. Kullursandai Dam is constructed across Kousiganadhi near Kullursandai village of Virudhunagar Taluk with a capacity of 3.59 MCM, to feed an irrigated command of 1170 ha. After joining a number of streams, it confluences with Arjunanadhi in Golwarpatti Dam. The catchment area of the sub basin is 527 sq km (520 sq km plain and 7 sq km hilly). Out of 13 Sub Basins of Vaippar river basin Modernisation of tanks were taken up in 11 Sub Basins under TNIAMWARM project funded by World Bank under first three years investments. Detailed Project report for Kayalkudiyar sub Basin is approved in IV thyear investment plan. Only Kousiganadhi Sub basin is not included in the TN IAMWARM project.

There are 23 non system tanks under this sub basin and the total command area is 1609.36 ha. It runs for a distance of 11.5 km and finally empties its discharge into Kullursandai Dam Virudhunagar Taluk.

The Kousiganadhi sub basin is located between the Latitude 9024’00”N to 9047’00”N and Longitude 77045’00”E to 780 05’00”E. The command area of this sub basin comes under Peraiyur & Thirumangalam Taluks of Madurai District and Virudhunagar, Sattur, Kariyapatti & Aruppukottai Taluks of Virudhunagar District. The blocks lying partially in this Sub Basins are T.Kallupatti & Kalligudi in Madurai District and Virudhunagar, Kariyapatti & Aruppukottai in Virudhunagar District.

3.1 List of Blocks, Taluks and District covered in Kousiganadhi Sub Basin:

Sl. No DISTRICT TALUK BLOCK
1. Madurai Peraiyur T.Kallupatti
Thirumangalam Kalligudi
2. Virudhunagar Virudhunagar Virudhunagar
Aruppukottai Aruppukottai
Kariyapatti Kariyapatti
Sattur Virudhdunagar

3.1.1. List of Districts, Blocks and Taluks, Tanks and Ayacut Details Proposed in this Project:

Sl.No. District Block Taluk No.of Tanks / Canals Ayacut in (ha)
1 Madurai T.Kallupatti Peraiyur 5 291.89
2 Madurai Kalligudi Thirumangalam 5 342.11
3 Virudhunagar Virudhunagar & Aruppukottai Virudhunagar & Aruppukottai Kullursandai LMC -1 736.46
4 Virudhunagar Virudhunagar & Aruppukottai Virudhunagar & Aruppukottai Kullursandai RMC -1 433.54
Total 10+2 1804.00

3.2 Cluster Classification

Sl.No. No. of Cluster Name of Cluster Block Taluk District
1. CLUSTER I Thevankurichi T.Kallupatti Peraiyur Madurai
2. CLUSTER II VillurOvari Kalligudi Thirumangalam Madurai
3. CLUSTER III Kullursandai dam Left main canal Virudhunagar, Aruppukottai Virudhunagar, Aruppukottai Virudhunagar
4. CLUSTER IV Kullursandai dam Right main canal Virudhunagar, Aruppukottai Virudhunagar, Aruppukottai Virudhunagar

3.3. Soil Classification

In this sub basin, due to different stages, Weathering & parent material, the soil types are met with in following types.

S. No Blocks Type of soil
T.Kallupatti Block Dark reddish brown, sandy clay loam, strong coarse subangular blocky, hard (dry).
Kalligudi Block Very dark grayish brown, clay, strong coarse sub angular blocky, very firm (moist), sticky and plastic (wet)
Virudhunagar Block Very dark grayish brown moist clay, moderate medium angular block, dry hard, moist firm.
Aruppukottai Block Dark yellowish brown, dark brown, sandy clay loam, massive breaking to weak medium sub angular block, slightly hard (dry).
Kariyapatti Block Very dark gray moist, clay, strong coarse angular blocky, moist firm, wet very sticky and plastic.

3.4 Land Holdings

The details of farm holdings and size classes prevalent in Kousiganadhi Sub basin are given below:

Category Size of holdings Numbers Percentage
Marginal Below 1.00 ha 656 57.85 %
Small 1.00 – 2.00 ha 389 34.30%
Medium 2.00 – 5.00 ha 65 5.73%
Big 5.0 ha& above 24 2.12%
Total 1134

Above table revealed that the marginal farmers alone accounted for 57.85 percent in the sub basin followed by small farmers. Developmental initiatives will need to take the fact into account.

3.5. Canal having direct Ayacut

Sl.No. Name of supplyChannel / canal Start Point End Point Length in metres Bedwidth in ‘m’ Bedslope Sideslope MFD incumecs Depthofflowin ‘m’
Location Sill level Location Sill level
1) Kullursandai Dam Left main canal KullursandaiDam LS 870m 27.750m LS 6500m 26.450m 6500 1.00 1 in5000 1:1 0.9285 0.90
2) Kullursandai Dam Right main canal KullursandaiDamat LS 2500m 27.750m LS 3500m 27.050m 3500 1.00 1 in5000 1:1 0.9285 0.90
Virudhunagar District

Madurai District

Objectives

Keeping the above points in view the following interventions are proposed for Kousiganadhi sub basin

4.1 Implementation strategy

5. Field Interventions

5.1. Productivity enhancement of Rice

GM - SRI

Adoption SRI followed by green manure incorporation will increase the soil nutrient status as well as soil organic carbon content. Use of cono weeder not only control the weeds but also increases the soil nutrient content through incorporation of weeds in the soil. Adopting this practice will increase water use efficiency. Scientific management technique of allocating irrigation water based on soil and climatic condition to achieve maximum crop production per unit of water applied over a unit area in unit time is very much essential under present condition. System Rice Intensification (SRI) is one among the scientific management tool. Under conventional system of rice cultivation the rice yield will be low due to poor water and weed management, poor aeration affects the root activity and tiller production and poor water management increases the water requirement. Efficient water management reduces the irrigation water requirement

Evaluating the new agro techniques will pave way for yield increase in Rice. Starting from sowing to harvest all the need based improved techniques will be demonstrated.

S.No. Technology Total area (ha) Unit cost (Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Productivity enhancement of Rice - GM 40 8000 3.20

Details of Unit cost for Green Manure:

S.No. Particulars Amount (Rs.)
1. Seed cost 40 kg/ha @ Rs. 50/kg 2000.00
Grand Total 2000.00

Details of Unit cost for SRI:

S.No Particulars Amount(Rs.)
1 Cost of Soil testing 20.00
2 Seed cost - 10 kg / ha @ Rs.30/kg 300.00
3 Cost of nursery raising -
4 Cost of fertilizers (150:50:50 kg NPK / ha)
Urea - 300 kg/ha @ Rs.6 /kg 1,800.00
Muriate of Potash – 80 kg @ Rs.16/kg 1,280.00
ZnSO4 25 kg @ Rs.40/kg 1,000.00
5 Bio fertilizer & Bio inoculants 1,600.00
Grand Total 6,000.00

5.2. Area enhancement, Area expansion and productivity enhancement of pulses under crop diversification in gap areas:

Farmers are not adopting the technologies like use of improved high yielding varieties, seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescens and foliar spray of TNAU pulse wonder. Hence it is proposed to conduct the demonstration involving improved technologies of pulses. The technologies are use of seeds of high yielding varieties, seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescens and foliar spray of TNAU pulse wonder.

S.No. Technology Total area (ha) Unit cost (Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Area enhancement, Area expansion and productivity enhancement of pulses 80 5000 4.00

Details of Unit cost for Area expansion Pulses:

S. No Particulars Amount(Rs.)
1. Cost of Soil testing 20.00
2. Seed cost with seed treatment - 20 kg / ha @ Rs.150/kg 3,000.00
3. DAP 25 kg / ha @ Rs.22.50/kg 560.00
4. Pulse Wonder 2 kg / ha @ Rs.220/kg 440.00
5. Bio fertilizers and Bio inoculants 980.00
Grand Total 5,000.00

Redgram under cropping sequence in Vegetables ( Brinjal, Tomato, Bhendi and Chillies)

Farmers are not adopting the technologies like use of improved high yielding varieties and seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescens. Hence it is proposed to conduct the demonstration involving improved technologies of Redgram under cropping sequence in vegetables (Brinjal, Tomato, Bhendi and Chillies) the technologies are use of seeds of high yielding varieties and seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescens.

S.No. Technology Total area (ha) Unit cost(Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Redgram under cropping sequence in Vegetables (Brinjal, Tomato, Bhendi and Chillies) 15 10000 1.50

Details of Unit cost for Red gram:

S. No Particulars Amount(Rs.)
1. Cost of Seeds / Seedlings 10000.00
Grand Total 10000.00

5.4. Improving productivity of Toor Dhal (Red Gram) under precision farming techniques including IPM approach

Under this water scarce situation, by adopting precision farming techniques productivity of Redgram will be increased apart from increase in WUE.

Precision farming is an approach where inputs, including water and fertilizers, are applied in precise amounts to maximize yields by reducing water use, residues in soil and water, and chemical sprays, and substantially increased average yields compared to traditional cultivation techniques. Precision farming provides a new solution to balance productivity with environmental concerns. Based on advanced information technology, it includes describing and modeling variation in soils and plant species and integrating agricultural practices to meet site specific requirements.

S.No. Technology Total area (ha) Unit cost(Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Redgram under precision farming 2 100000 2.00

Details of Unit cost for Red gram:

S. No Particulars Amount (Rs.)
1. Drip cost as per the Govt. norms @ 75% Subsidy 64,200.00
2. Cost of Seedlings and Transplanting 18,000.00
3. Water Soluble fertilizers
Urea - 200 kg @ Rs.6/kg 1,200.00
MAP-100 kg @ Rs.90/kg 9,000.00
SOP- 50 kg @ Rs.75/kg 3,750.00
3. Pulse Wonder 2 kg/ha @ Rs.220/kg 440.00
4. Bio fertilizer & Bio Pesticide 2,000.00
5. Organic Manures viz. Vermicompost 1,410.00
Grand Total 1,00,000.00

Demonstration of improved production techniques with various oil seed crops with prime focus on improving productivity, encouraging crop diversification

Farmers are not adopting the technologies like use of improved high yielding varieties and seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescents. Hence it is proposed to conduct the demonstration involving improved technologies of gingelly. The technologies are use of seeds of high yielding varieties and seed treatment with pseudomonas fluorescents.

S.No. Technology Total area (ha) Unit cost(Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Oil seed cultivation with improved practices (Gingelly) 30 5000 1.50

Details of Unit cost for Oil seed:

S. No Particulars Amount(Rs.)
1. Cost of Soil testing 20.00
2. Gypsum 400 kg / ha @Rs.5/kg 2,000.00
3. Fertilizer cost 1,500.00
4. Pheromone trap and lure for Spodoptera litura 730.00
5. Micro nutrient spray (DAP–2.5 kg, Ammonium sulphate – 1 kg, Borax – 500 gm and planofix–375 Ml) @ Rs.250 for 3 sprays. 750.00
Grand Total 5,000.00

5.6. Promotion of Pesticide Free vegetables in sub-basins through climate resilience activity in model Bio Villages known as pesticide free Village

Now a day’s farmers spent huge amount of money for purchase of pesticides to control pests which leads to decreasing market value of pesticide sprayed vegetables.

Hence pesticide free vegetables are more popular in public in terms of health.

The farmer’s income will definitely increase through adoption of growing pesticide free vegetables.

S.No. Technology TotalGroup Unit cost(Rs.) Total cost(in lakhs)
1 Promotion of pesticide freeVegetables 20 2500 0.50

6. Capacity building & Information, Education & Communication

6. 1. Capacity building

6.1.1. Training to stake holders

Under the head of capacity building, imparting training to all the beneficiaries either as off-campus or as on-campus and exposure visit to the farmers is planned.

Sl. No. Particulars Duration (days) No/batch Total batch Budget / batch Total budget (lakhs)
1. Nursery technology for SRI paddy 1 50 10 10,000 1.00
2. Seed production in Pulses 1 50 10 10,000 1.00
3. Precision farmingpractices for Red gram 1 50 10 10,000 1.05
Total 3.05

6.0.2. Exposure Visit

In-order to have practical knowledge on various improved farming practices prevailing across the District and State, it has been proposed to expose the stakeholders by organizing educational tours for having better cross learning.

6.2. IEC Measures including Awareness creation, documentation and IEC equipment

6.2.1. Awareness Creation:

Informal meetings with Farmers / Water Users Association through PRA methods – Focus group discussion and transect walk

6.2.2. Documentation

6.2.3. IEC Equipments

6.2.4. Outsourcing of vehicle

7. Management Cost

Outsourcing of technical staff is included in TNAU sub basin plan to carry out the field activities.

8. Year Wise Crop Based Activities

S. No. Particulars Total (ha)
I II III IV Area( ha)
1. Green Manure-Paddy (SRI) 20 10 5 5 40
2. Area expansion of pulses (Black gram/ Green gram) 30 25 15 10 80
3. Improved cultivation practices for enhancing production in oilseed crop (Sesame) 10 10 5 5 30
4. Promotion of Redgram under cropping sequence in vegetable cultivation 5 5 5 0 15
5. Productivity enhancement in Redgram through precision farming practices 2 0 0 0 2
6. Promotion of Pesticide Free vegetables in sub-basins through climate resilience activity in model Bio Villages known as pesticide free Village 5 5 5 5 20
Total 72 55 35 25 187

9. Total Budget (Year wise) for Kousiganadhi Sub basin (in lakhs)

P-Physical in ha, F-Financial in lakhs Rs.

S. No Particulars Unit cost Rs/ha I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year VI Year Total
A Activities P F P F P F P F P F P F P F
1 GM-SRI 8000 20 1.60 10 0.80 5 0.40 5 0.40 0 0.00 0 0.00 40 3.20
2 Area Enhancement, Area Expansion and productivity enhancement of pulses under crop diversification in gap areas: (Black gram/green gram 5000 30 1.50 25 1.25 15 0.75 10 0.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 80 4.00
3 Demonstration of improved production techniques with various oil seed crops with prime focus on improving productivity, encouraging crop diversification (Groundnut/sesame) 5000 10 0.50 10 0.50 5 0.25 5 0.25 0 0.00 0 0.00 30 1.50
4 Red Gram under cropping sequence in vegetables 10000 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 1.50
5 Red Gram under precision farming / IPM approach 100000 2 2.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 2.00
6 Promotion of Pesticide Free vegetables in sub-basins through climate resilience activity in model Bio Villages known as pesticide free Village 2500 5 0.13 5 0.13 5 0.12 5 0.12 0 0.00 0 0.00 20 0.50
B. Implementation for farm mechanization
7 Cono weeder 1000 20 0.20 10 0.10 5 0.05 5 0.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 40 0.40
Total(A+B) 92 6.43 65 3.28 40 2.07 30 1.32 0 0.00 0 0.00 227 13.10
II IEC & CB
1 Training to stakeholders 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.40 0.40 0.00 3.05
2 Exposure visit 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90
3 Awareness creation 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.25 0.10 0.00 1.55
4 Documentation 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.30
5 IEC equipments 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60
6 Out sourcing of vehicle 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 2.00
Total 2.95 2.05 2.05 1.05 0.90 0.40 9.40
III Management Cost
1 Out sourcing of technical staff 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 4.80
Over all total 10.58 6.53 5.32 3.57 0.90 0.40 27.30

Abstract of Kousiganadhi Field Activities

S.No Intervention details Unit cost Rs/ha P F
I A.Field Interventions
1 GM-SRI 8000 40 3.20
2 Area Enhancement, Area Expansion and productivity enhancement of pulses under crop diversification in gap areas: (Black gram/green gram 5000 80 4.00
3 Demonstration of improved production techniques with various oil seed crops with prime focus on improving productivity, encouraging crop diversification (Groundnut/sesame) 5000 30 1.50
4 Promotion of Red Gram (Toor Dhal) under cropping sequence in vegetables 10000 15 1.50
5 Improving productivity of Toor Dhal (Red Gram) under precision farming techniques including IPM approach 100000 2 2.00
6 Promotions of Pesticide Free vegetables in sub-basins through climate resilience activity in model Bio Villages known as pesticide free Village. 2500 20 0.50
B. Implements for farm mechanization 0.00
7 Cono weeder 1000 40 0.40
Sub Total (A+B) 227 13.10
II IEC & CB
1 Capacity Building
a). Training to stake holders 3.05
b).Exposure visit 0.90
2 IEC
a).Awareness Creation activities 1.55
b).Documentation 1.30
c).IEC equipments 0.60
d) Outsourcing of vehicle and TA 2.00
Sub Total 9.40
III Management cost
Out sourcing of technical staff 4.80
Over all Total (I+II+III) 27.30